This issue brief from the Alliance for Health Care Reform, funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, describes community-based quality improvement collaboratives. The issue brief highlight community collaboratives being implemented through the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Aligning Forces for Quality program, the Office of National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Beacon Community Program, and the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research’s Chartered Value Exchange. As health care reform implementation highlights the importance of quality improvement, local stakeholders will need to develop new models for cooperation and collaboration in order to achieve the triple aim of improved patient experiences of care, improved population health, and reduced health care costs.