This policy research paper from Mathematica was commissioned by the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research to examine how the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act can support the implementation of patient-centered medical homes (PCMH). The paper recommends developing PCMH-specific certification criteria for electronic health records, including PCMH functionalities in the meaningful use concept under the HITECH Act, and extending the role of regional extension centers to provide technical assistance to primary care providers on medical home principles.